India shows strong EV adoption in three-wheelers, while two-wheelers and electric buses grow steadily, with regional variations in progress.
In light of the World EV Day celebrated across the globe, it can be seen that India too has been showing significant advancement toward adopting EVs cutting across vehicle categories but the traction is still far from optimal. Analyzing the information from the Vaahan Dashboard based on the Indian government, the promotion of green mobility solutions is quite visible due to various reasons and stimuli.
Driving the Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Three-Wheelers
Market penetration has been the highest among the three-wheelers with 53.61% of all new three-wheelers sold in 2024 will be electric. It also makes it the single biggest segment for EV adoption reinforcing already established trends of moving away from fossil fuel-powered vehicles in this important vehicle segment.
Encouraging Growth in Two-Wheelers
The other promising market is the segment of two-wheelers, the share of electric vehicles which accounts for 4.97% of the total number of two-wheelers sold in 2024. While two-wheelers have a lower percentage as compared to three-wheelers, they have considerable prospects for future growth as they dominate more than any type of vehicle in India. In accordance with the increasing demand for cheap and environmentally sound vehicles, the extent of electrical two-wheeler usage is likely to increase as well.
Challenges in Four-Wheeler Adoption
On the other hand, four-wheelers’ rates of adoption have been relatively low; electric cars only made up 2.14% of the total car sales in 2024. But the future growth is expected to be propped up by increased EV model inventory, as well as government encouragement of this form of industry development.
Public Transport takes the Lead with Electric Buses
Notably, electric buses fare better than electric cars; the latter is shown 3.20% of new buses sold to be electric. This trend is especially interesting as city authorities struggle to promote the green public transport agenda.
State-wise EV Penetration
The highest % of EV penetration is observed in the state of Goa with 14.20% followed by Tripura and Madhya Pradesh and then Chandigarh. Also, Delhi is observed to have a penetration rate of 10.72%. At the same time, Himachal Pradesh has the lowest penetration rating at 1.09%.
This paper argues that whilst India has embarked on the course of electrification the road is still long and full of challenges.
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